Gas fired hot water boiler



y 23, 1967 J. F. BAIER GAS FIRED HOT WATER BOILER 4 Sheets-Sheet FiledFeb. 15, 1965 /47 7 ORA V May 23, 1967 J. F. BAIER GAS FIRED HOT WATERBOILER 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 15, 1965 INVENTOR. JJfl/V/T 54/5"?May 23, 1967 J. F. BAIER GAS FIRED HOT WATER BOILER 4 Sheets-Sheet 3Filed Feb. 15, 1965 IN VENT 0R.

ATTORNEY y 23, 1957 J. F. BAIER 3,320,933

GAS FIRED HOT WATER BOILER Filed Feb. 15, 1965 4 Sheets-Sheet IINVENTOR. Jay/V A EA/5? United States Patent 3,320,933 GAS FIRED HGTWATER BOILER John F. Baler, 44 Gramercy Park 8., New York, N.Y. 10010Filed Feb. 15, 1965, Ser. No. 432,539 2 Claims. (Cl. 122-218) Thepresent invention relates to a gas fired hot water boiler and itparticularly relates to a cast iron gas fired hot water boiler.

Altough not restricted thereto, the present invention will beparticularly described in its application to small midget, high capacityhot water boilers for domestic heating, but it is to be understood thatthe same principles may be applied for heating or production of hotwater for commercial purposes in large dwelling units or for industrial,factory, restaurant and other commercial establishments.

It is among the objects of the present invention to provide a moreefiicient, compact hot water heating system, which will have minimumspace consumption and yet be most effective from the viewpoint ofproducing a substantial supply of hot water with a minimum loss of heatunits in a gas fired unit.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel hot waterboiler in which substantially all of the available heat will be mostefficiently abstracted from combustion gases generated by ga flames in asingle vertical pass without the necessity of recirculation or otherexpensive, costly heat economizer arrangements.

Still further objects and advantages will appear in the more detaileddescription set forth below, it being understood, however, that thismore detailed description is given by way of illustration andexplanation only and not by way of limitation, since various changestherein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing fromthe scope and spirit of the present invention.

In accomplishing the above objects it is found most satisfactory toprovide a pancake arrangement in which a series of alternating sets ofhorizontally disposed parallel water tubes are positioned insuperimposed relationship.

An important feature of the present invention resides in the provisionof a base unit which is wider than the pancake sets of superimposedunits and which will have an incircling outside water-leg wallstructure, between the upper parts of which water-legs are positioned aseries of closely spaced rectangular, squat cross-section water tubes,leaving a relatively wide area into which the flames are projected by aseries of burners positioned with their exit faces substantially at andslightly below the lower ends of the water-legs.

The burner sections, which desirably extend in par allel rows directlybelow the water-leg section, are positioned above the base so as topermit air to flow therebelow and not between the upper superimposedpancake units.

The tubes, desirably in these upper pancake units, are of triangularcross-section, with an equilateral, elongated triangular portionprojecting downwardly and a curved base position at or closely adjacentthe upper edge of each pancake.

These tubes are provided with relatively deep and wide fins oftriangular yet rounded shape, with outstanding ears extending upwardlybut stopping short of the upper faces of the tubes.

The side of each pancake unit is also provided with water-legs, withdownwardly directed extensions adjacent the exterior Walls which fitinto a groove desirably containing asbestos packing in each lower unit.

With the foregoing and other objects in View, the invention consists ofthe novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts ashereinafter more specifically described, and illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, wherein is shown an embodiment of the invention,but it is to be understood that changes, variations and modificationscan be resorted to which fall within the scope of the claims hereuntoappended.

FIG. 1 is a front elevational View of one form of super-. imposedpancake water-leg type cast iron hot water gas fired boiler, showing theleft side in front elevation and the right side in vertical section.

FIG. 2 is a side elevational view taken from the line 22 of FIG. 1, butupon a smaller scale than FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a top plan view taken from the line 33 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the lower enlarged waterleg section thatforms the secondary base of the structure of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a transverse sectional view of one of said sections takenbetween the water tubes and looking to one side thereof, upon the line5-5 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a top plan view of one of the smaller upper pancake sections,which in superimposed relationship form the upper part of the boilerstructure, as shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 is a transverse sectional view taken upon the line 7-7 of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary transverse sectional view taken upon the line8-8 of FIG. 6, showing the structure at an intermediate point betweenthe water tubes.

FIG. 9 is a transverse sectional view taken upon the line 99 of FIG. 6directly through the end of one of the water tubes.

Referring to FIG. 1, the boiler as shown is usually enclosed in arectangular metal housing interiorly lined with an insulation ofasbestos or other materials and carrying proper controls for operationof the hot water system.

The unit shown is particularly adapted for heating a moderate sizedhouse, although it may be made in larger sizes by superimposing morepancake units or by using several structures, as indicated in FIG. 1 inside by side relationships.

As shown in FIG. 1, there is a supporting base A which may rest on thefloor or foundation B, having the burners C.

The burners C are supported directly below the enlarged water-legintermediate base structure D.

Said water-leg is provided with the squat rectangular cross-sectiontubes extending parallelly across the upper part thereof, with theencircling outside water-leg terminating just above the burner C andwith the terminal lower legs G.

Superimposed upon the intermediate water-leg base structure D are thepancake units H, I, K and L, which are provided with intermediateparallel triangular crosssection water tubes M and alternating outsidewide waterleg wall units N and narrow water-leg units P.

Each of these units is provided with depending legs Q which act assupport for the pancake unit from the next lower unit.

The superimposed pancake units are provided with an upper cover R andthey are tied together by means of the vertical tie bolts S.

As shown best in FIGS. 1 and 2, the burners C have the elongated lowerportions 10, terminating in the rounded bottom portions 11 having theflat feet 12 held in position by the bolts 13 on the cross-members 14.

The burners have the upper Y-portions 15 with the perforated plates 16,which have rows of openings indicated diagrammatically at 17.

The burners will have projecting funnel portions 18 with adjustable airinlets 19 extending in front of the wall 20 of the base.

The walls 20* of the base extend between the side wall members 21, whichrest upon the base or floor B and have a series of alternately disposed,laterally elongated upper and lower air inlet openings 22 and 23.

The side wall members 21 have enlarged upper portions 24 with thegrooves 25 receiving the lower ends of the legs G of the sub-base memberD.

The sub-base member D, is provided with an exterior water-leg F, thelower wall 26 of which is directly above the upper face 16 of theburners C.

The legs F, as shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, have a relatively narrow orconfined water circulating portion 27 and a relatively wide upper watercirculating portion 28.

This wide water circulating portion 28 has an abrupt step at 29 at theend adjacent the connection 39 and it has a more gradually restrictedportion adjacent the sides F.

At the return 30' (see FIG. 5) there is a relatively large inlet box 31from which the water will flow through both side legs, as indicated incross-section in FIG. 1, to the forward step structure at 29.

Across the top of the unit D are the rather squat, approximatelyrectangular cross-section water tubes E, having very small corner finson the lower faces thereof.

The water-legs also may be provided with the short triangular fins 46extending along the sides of the unit D and terminating short of thelower edge 47 of the legs 46.

The legs G will all fit in the grooves 25 in the side walls 21 or thefront and back walls 20 and the oblique faces 47 on each side of thelarge chamber T, together with the vertical front face 48 and verticalrear face 49, will form a firebox in which the flames 17 will arise andcreate the hot combustion gases which will first contact the squattubes'E, as well as the faces 47, 4S and 49.

These flat vertical faces 48 and 49, oblique faces 47 and flat bottomfaces 50 of the squat tubes E are designed to achieve the maximum heatabsorption or direct radiation from the flames projecting upwardly fromthe upper faces of the burners C.

At the same time the spacing of the chamber T is such that no one of theflames will touch an iron face 47, 48, 49 or 50, and the only contactwill be with the hot combustion gases moving upwardly from the flames.

Above the tubes E the heat will be by conduction without radiation, withthe radiation being entirely confined to the faces bordering on thechamber T.

The short edge corner fins 45 will aid in this radiation effect and willcut down on the conduction effect so that the gases will retainsubstantially all of the heat as they pass between the tubes E indicatedby the arrows 51 in FIG. 1.

The upper face of the sub-base unit D will shut the narrow passagewaysat 52, through which the hot gases will ascend into the superimposedpancake units H, J, K and L.

Around the passageways 52 and the tubes E are positioned the shallowchannels 54 and 55 into which the legs Q and the next unit H project.

Desirably these channels will receive an asbestos pad for insulatingpurposes and the channel will extend entirely around the passageways 52and the tubes E.

At the forward end of the unit D will be the enlarged return flow box 31and the smaller stepped box 28 having an upper outlet 30 to communicatewith the next higher unit.

At opposite corners 56 and 57 will be positioned the outstandinghorizontal fins 58 and 59 receiving the slotted openings 60 and 61 forthe vertical through bolts S.

These slotted flanges, as shown in FIG. 1, are repeated at 59 for eachunit D, H, J, K and L and the headof the through bolt or tie rod 60 willrest on the uppermost pancake unit L and will be tied in position by thenut and lock or lock nut 61 and 62, as shown in FIG. 1.

As a result, the water-leg units will be closely tied together as aunit, leaving the base structure A and the dome structure R resting inposition by gravity.

The unit 5 will also be provided with an excess or drain opening 63, asshown at the right of FIG. 5, which may be plugged upon usage.

The intermediate pancake units, as shown in FIGS. 1, 6, 7, 8 and 9,alternate in having a wide water-leg section at one side and a narrowwater-leg section P at the other side and they are arranged so that thetubes M will always alternate in position and be directly above theopenings in the next lower pancake unit.

As shown in FIGS. 6, 7, 8 and 9, the height or space from front to backis fairly uniform from the inlet box 76 to the outlet box 77.

The water will normally flow through the opening 78, as indicated by thearrow 79, and out through the opening 80, as indicated by the arrow 81,to the next higher pancake unit.

Each tube, as shown in FIG. 1, will have triangular side walls 82 with adepending tube fin 83 terminating short of the upper level of the nextlower section and having less wide side fins 85 with triangular sideedges 86 and terminating in the outstanding ears 87, which are short ofthe curved upper faces 88 of the top of each triangular cross-sectiontube M.

Desirably, the tubes will leave flat, narrow spaces, as indicated at 89in FIGS. 1 and 6, through which the hot gases may pass, with the tops ofthe tubes M and the side legs N and P occupying substantially most ofthe horizontal flow area.

The curved lower edges 9t) of the tube fins will enhance the upward flowof the gases to permit smooth contact with the triangular sides 82 andthe fins 83-85, and the upwardly flowing gases will be divided in aplurality of square flow areas, as indicated in the spaces 89 and 86.

Desirably, the area of the legs P and N will be between l fit and 1 /2times the area of the triangular central tubes M and the lower walls 91of the wide legs N and 92 of the narrow legs P will be below thelowermost corners 93 of the tubes M.

It will be noted in FIG. 7 that the lower rounded ends of the fins 83,as indicated in FIG. 7, terminate above the lower edge 84 of the pancakesection.

The slotted flanges 58 and 59 in the pancake sections are desirablyprovided with side re-enforcement fins 94 and 95. (See FIG 6.)

Around each section on the top face thereof is positioned the continuouschannel with the side channel portions 96, the front channel portion 97and the rear channel portion 98. (See FIG. 6.)

These channels will receive the depending legs Q of the next upperpancake section, and desirably will receive a pad of asbestos to achievea thorough seal.

The depending legs Q will depend below the lower edges fit of the fins83 and substantially beyond the lower ends 93 of the triangularcross-section tubes.

The water will continue to flow laterally, upwardly, backwardly andforwardly across the tubes until it flows out at the top of the boilerto the heating system.

The dome has a cylindrical upper end portion 99, which may be providedwith suitable draft or outlet connections.

The unit as thus described will most efliciently absorb heat from thegases, while achieving a full radiation effect.

The connections for the hot water may supply a hot water domestic tank,while the main hot water supply will be circulated through and to theradiators in a house or other type of building.

The number of intermediate pancake sections may be varied widely to givethe desired capacity, and in one form of the invention the base sectionA may have a height of about 17 inches, while the section D may have aheight of about 5 inches and the intermediate sections may have a heightof about 3% inches, with the top cover section R having a height ofabout 5%; inches.

In the channels which receive the fins Q in FIG. 1, said channels beingindicated at 53, 54 and 55 in FIGS. 4 and S and 96, 97 and 98 in FIGS. 6to 9, there may be positioned asbestos pads for sealing purposes.

The same may be applied to the channels 25 in the base units A, 53, 54and 55 in the intermediate section D and 96, 97 and 98 in each of thenarrower sections H, J, K and L.

Generally, the boiler may have an overall height varying from 24 to 28inches and a fore and aft diameter of about 23 inches.

The unit as shown may be provided with relief valves andvarious otherassociated devices.

The water will usually be elevated to a temperature of 3130110220 to 240F. and the flames will usually be separated from all iron parts by aspacing of at least 1 to 2 inches.

The units may have an output of 50,000 to 300,000 B.t.u. per hour in aspace consumption area ranging from 13 inches by 26 inches by 17 inches,up to 21 inches by 31 inches by 36 /2 inches.

With multiplication of the units, the input ratings can vary from360,000 to 3,600,000 B.t.u. per hour.

The multiple units desirably consist of two or three units, such asshown in FIGS. 1 and 2, positioned in side by side relationship to givean output ranging usually up to 100,000 B.t.u. per hour and an over-alldimension of 65 inches long, 26 inches deep, and 37 inches high, with ashipping weight of about 1,800 pounds; for a three-unit with a two-unitgiving an output of about 600,000 B.t.u. per hour, a shipping weight of1,200 pounds and a length of 44 inches, a depth of 26 inches and aheight of 37 inches.

As many changes could be made in the above gas fired hot water boiler,and many widely different ernbodiments of this invention could be madewithout departure from the scope of the claims, it is intended that allmatter contained in the above description shall be interpreted asillustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of theinvention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, what isclaimed is:

1. A cast-iron gas-fired hot-water boiler comprising a wide base burnerunit, with an intermediate wide combustion chamber unit superimposed onsaid base unit, and a plurality of relatively narrow parallel tube unitssuperimposed on said intermediate unit, said tube units having upper andlower faces and having cast-iron, hotwater tube sections with outsidewater legs, each tube unit including parallel horizontal tubularelements between the outside water legs and said tubular elements havingsloping sides and outstanding and downwardly extending fins, saidtubular elements of each tube unit being in staggered relationshiprelative to the tubular elements of the next adjacent tube unit, saidbase burner unit having a plurality of gas burners extending parallellyto each other and to the water legs, a plurality of outstandingprojecting water connections on the ends of the tube units, each tubeunit having a recess extending entirely around the periphery thereof onthe upper face thereof and along the top surfaces of the outside waterlegs and depending legs extending downwardly from the outside water legsof each tube uni-t around the entire periphery thereof, having theirlower ends fitting into said recesses extending around the periphery ofthe tube units, said intermediate unit having outside water legs betweenthe lowermost tube unit and the base burner unit and forming a chamberabove the gas burners to complete combustion and said intermediate unithaving a plurality of parallel tubes positioned below the lowermost tubeunit, said fins terminating substantially inside of the upper and lowerfaces of each tube unit and having upper ears extending beyond thewidest dimensions of each tubular element but below the top of eachtubular element.

2. The boiler of claim 1, a plurality of horizontally projectingU-shaped ears projecting outwardly from the ends of each tube sectionand the intermediate section adjacent to the water connections and abolt extending therethrough to hold the tube and intermediate sectionstogether.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,247,796 7/1941Ackerman 122-2l4 2,426,004 8/1947 Evans 122-214 2,580,033 12/1951 Lowethet a1. 1222l4 2,841,124 7/1958 Ackerman 1222l4 CHARLES J. MYHRE, PrimaryExaminer.

1. A CAST-IRON GAS-FIRED HOT-WATER BOILER COMPRISING A WIDE BASE BURNERUNIT, WITH AN INTERMEDIATE WIDE COMBUSTION CHAMBER UNIT SUPERIMPOSED ONSAID BASE UNIT, AND A PLURALITY OF RELATIVELY NARROW PARALLEL TUBE UNITSSUPERIMPOSED ON SAID INTERMEDIATE UNIT, SAID TUBE UNITS HAVING UPPER ANDLOWER FACES AND HAVING CAST-IRON, HOTWATER TUBE SECTIONS WITH OUTSIDEWATER LEGS, EACH TUBE UNIT INCLUDING PARALLEL HORIZONTAL TUBULARELEMENTS BETWEEN THE OUTSIDE WATER LEGS AND SAID TUBULAR ELEMENTS HAVINGSLOPING SIDES AND OUTSTANDING AND DOWNWARDLY EXTENDING FINS, SAIDTUBULAR ELEMENTS OF EACH TUBE UNIT BEING IN STAGGERED RELATIONSHIPRELATIVE TO THE TUBULAR ELEMENTS OF THE NEXT ADJACENT TUBE UNIT, SAIDBASE BURNER UNIT HAVING A PLURALITY OF GAS BURNERS EXTENDING PARALLELLYTO EACH OTHER AND TO THE WATER LEGS, A PLURALITY OF OUTSTANDINGPROJECTING WATER CONNECTIONS ON THE ENDS OF THE TUBE UNITS, EACH TUBEUNIT HAVING A RECESS EXTENDING ENTIRELY AROUND THE PERIPHERY THEREOF ONTHE UPPER